Problems of Action Research - As I See It. Working Papers No 14

Summary: Pending
Action Research has its academic roots in sociology, social psychology, psychology, organizational studies, and education. This perspective of research has many variations today. Those academic roots and the present variations are narrated in some detail, covering a good part of the paper. It has been done from the point of view of examing whether new research paradigms have emerged. In the variations of Action Research, one finds a varying degree of rejection of the classical notion of scientific research. Of course, there is nothing sacrosanct about the classical notion. But, over time, a rich body of literature has emerged around the notion of scientific research, concerning 'knowledge,' 'accumulation,' 'justification,' 'demarcation,' etc., and it continues to develop today. At this juncture, rejecting the classical notion, in part or in whole, generates many questions. This paper considers some of these questions in relation to Action Research. The paper concludes that the idea of creating useful knowledge within a context of application gives rise to the problems of redesigning research. The paper suggests a distinction between two types of criteria for evaluating the success or failure of action-oriented research which may be helpful in thinking about these problems.

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